ArchaeoCafé

In this episode I talk with Claudio Ottoni about the origin and history of domestic cats.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-234-ottoni/

About Claudio Ottoni

Dr. Ottoni is a professor at the University of Rome "Tor Vergata". His research interests are in biomolecular archaeology and the study of ancient DNA as a tool to reconstruct the past of human and animal populations. In particular, much of his research has focused on the history of cat-human interactions and particularly through the use of palaeogenetics. He has previously lead research projects at the Center for Archaeological Sciences (CAS) of the KU Leuven University, in Belgium, the Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) of the University of Oslo, in Norway, and the Diet and Ancient Technology Laboratory (DANTE) of the Sapienza University of Rome, in Italy. Dr. Ottoni is currently the head of the FELIX project, funded by the European Research Council. 

Web:
https://uniroma.academia.edu/ClaudioOttoni
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Claudio-Ottoni
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0u2SiNQAAAAJ
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-1589

Some useful terminology and links

FELIX project
This project analyses cats from 10,000 years ago until the 19th century from archaeological sites in Europe, the Near and Middle East, and North Africa to gain insights into the cat-human relationship. By reconstructing the genomes and the dietary habits of ancient cats, the objective of the project is to reconstruct the unique biological and ecological features that shaped cat domestication, and the dispersal of domestic cats across the globe.
https://www.ercfelix.com/project/

Domestic cat (Felis catus)
A domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat

Hierakonpolis or Nekhen
The religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of prehistoric Egypt (c. 3200–3100 BCE) and probably during the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BCE).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen

Shillourokambos
A Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) site near Parekklisia, in southern Cyprus occupied from the end of the 9th to the second half of the 8th millennium BCE.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillourokambos

Selected reading

The Dispersal of the Domestic Cat: Paleogenetic and Zooarcheological Evidence
by Claudio Ottoni and Wim Van Neer
Near Eastern Archaeology, 2020, vol. 83(1), p. 38-45.
https://doi.org/10.1086/707312

The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world
by Claudio Ottoni and others
Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2017, vol. 1, article number 0139
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0139

Of cats and men: The paleogenetic history of the dispersal of cats in the ancient world
by Claudio Ottoni and others
bioRxiv, 2016, article number 080028
https://doi.org/10.1101/080028

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In this episode we talk with Clarence Surette and Zeb Kawei about 3D scanning, modelling, and printing in archaeology.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-233-surette-kawei/

About Clarence Surette

Clarence is a bio-archaeology technician at Lakehead University. A lot of his research has focused on the analysis of microfossils (such as phytoliths, pollen, starch) and how it applies to reconstructing past diets and environments. In recent years, Clarence's work has focused on investigating the use of 3D modelling in archaeology. Since 2007, he has been the president of the Thunder Bay Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.

Web:
https://www.lakeheadu.ca/users/S/clsurett/node/21165
https://lakeheadu.academia.edu/ClarenceSurette
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Clarence-Surette
https://www.linkedin.com/in/clarence-surette-a5531a43/

About Zebedee "Zeb" Kawei

Zeb is a graduate of Lakehead University and currently an archaeologist at Ecofor Consulting. His research focuses on reconstructing paleo-environment in virtual reality.  

Web:
https://lakeheadu.academia.edu/ZebedeeKawei

Some useful terminology and links

Blender
https://www.blender.org/

MeshLab
https://www.meshlab.net/

Meshmixer
https://www.meshmixer.com/

Artifact GeoMorph Toolbox 3D
https://sourceforge.net/projects/artifact-geomorph-toolbox-3d/files/

Stratovan
https://www.stratovan.com/blog/landmark-editor

Lakehead Anthropology Sketchfab page
https://sketchfab.com/LakeheadAnthropology

Selected reading

Quick and dirty: streamlined 3D scanning in archaeology
by Jarrod Knibbe, and others
Published in "CSCW '14: Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing" in 2014. p. 1366–1376
https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2531602.2531669

Promoting the Past: The Educational Applications of 3D Scanning Technology in Archaeology
by Ashley McCuistion
Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology, 2013, Vol. 29, p. 35-42
https://www.academia.edu/5242308/

Towards the definition of best 3D practices in archaeology: Assessing 3D documentation techniques for intra-site data recording
by Fabrizio Galeazzi
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2016, Vol. 17, p. 159-169
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.07.005

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In this episode I talk with Gareth Spicer about policies of disclosure in archaeology and how this has influenced some of the projects that he has worked on.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-232-spicer/

About Gareth Spicer

Gareth is a principal archaeologist at Turtle Island Cultural Resource Management based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 

Web:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/gareth-spicer-819b4360/

Some useful terminology and links

Turtle Island CRM
http://turtleislandcrm.com/

Selected reading

Archaeologists dig for answers at new Walterdale site
CBC News, 10 August 2012 
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/archaeologists-dig-for-answers-at-new-walterdale-site-1.1163310

Much of Edmonton’s rich aboriginal prehistory sits in storage
by Elise Stolte
Edmonton Journal, 16 August 2012
https://edmontonjournal.com/news/insight/much-of-edmontons-rich-aboriginal-prehistory-sits-in-storage

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In this episode I talk with Bruce Bradley about the Solutrean hypothesis and his work investigating this subject.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-231-bradley/

About Bruce Bradley

Dr. Bradley is an emeritus professor at the University of Exeter. His research currently focuses on the Pleistocene in South America and American Southwest Ancestral Puebloan archaeology. He is also active in research into the early occupations of the Atlantic seaboard in North America. Bruce is also well-known in the knapper community for his skill and ability to replicate ancient techniques and styles of knapped stone tools. 

Web:
https://humanities.exeter.ac.uk/archaeology/staff/bradley/
https://exeter.academia.edu/BruceBradley
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bruce-Bradley
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bruce-Bradley-2
https://www.primtech.net/

Some useful terminology and links

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optically_stimulated_luminescence

Meadowcroft Rockshelter site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter

Page-Ladson site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page-Ladson

Topper site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topper_Site

Gravettian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravettian

Magdalenian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalenian

Denali
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denali
https://www.nps.gov/dena/index.htm

Selected reading

Across Atlantic Ice: The Origin of America's Clovis Culture
by Dennis J. Stanford, Bruce A. Bradley
University of California Press, 2013, 336 pages.
https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520275782/across-atlantic-ice
https://www.audible.com/pd/Across-Atlantic-Ice-Audiobook/B008BK8KE4

Ice Bridge
Director: Robin Bicknell
Nature of Things, CBC (Season 57, Episode 11)
Episode air date: 14 January 2018 (Canada)
https://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/ice-bridge
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7870326/

New Evidence for a Possible Paleolithic Occupation of the Eastern North American Continental Shelf at the Last Glacial Maximum
by Dennis Stanford and colleagues
Prehistoric Archaeology on the Continental Shelf, 2014, p. 73-93
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9635-9_5
https://www.academia.edu/7054896/

Solutrean Hypothesis: Genetics, the Mammoth in the Room
by Stephen Oppenheimer, Bruce Bradley & Dennis Stanford
World Archaeology, 2014, Vol. 46(5), Debates in World Archaeology, p. 752-774. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2014.966273 

The North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor: A Possible Palaeolithic Route to the New World
by Bruce Bradley and Dennis Stanford
World Archaeology, 2004, Vol. 36(4), Debates in World Archaeology, p. 459-478.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0043824042000303656

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In this episode we talk with Raven Todd DaSilva about popularising archaeology through YouTube.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website. 

http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-230-todd-dasilva/

About Raven Todd DaSilva

Raven is a graduate of University College London. Her research interests are in archaeology and heritage conservation. She hosts the YouTube channel 'Dig it with Raven', in which she informs viewers about archaeology and history.

Web:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/raven-todd-dasilva-563a4672/
https://www.digitwithraven.com/
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Raven-Todd-Dasilva
https://www.instagram.com/digitwithraven/
https://www.facebook.com/digitwithraven/
https://twitter.com/digitwithraven

Selected media

Dig It With Raven
YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6P0a1_YLM0i2LoLmP9jCRw

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In this episode I talk with Alka Barthwal about her research at Roopkund Lake, the history of the site, and hypotheses about who the skeletons belonged to and what happened to them.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-229-barthwal/

About Alka Barthwal

Dr. Barthwal is a professor of bioanthropology at Suresh Gyan Vihar University. Her research focuses on palaeopathology and bioanthropology, specifically the analysis of ancient human skeletal remains. Her main subject of interest is the skeletons of Roopkund - who the people were, what happened to them, and how they were connected to local people.

Web:
https://independent.academia.edu/AlkaBarthwal 
https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-alka-barthwal-182b5985/

Some useful terminology and links

Roopkund
Locally known as Mystery Lake or Skeleton Lake. A high altitude glacial lake in Uttarakhand, India. Located in the Himalayas, at an altitude of about 5029 m, the area around the lake is uninhabited and is surrounded by rock-strewn glaciers and snow-clad mountains. It is known for the hundreds of ancient human skeletons found around the lake.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roopkund

Uttarakhand
('Northern Land' in Hindi.) A state in northern India. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (literally "Land of the Gods") due to its religious significance and numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. It is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabar and the Terai regions. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north; the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal to the east; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand

Nanda Devi Raj Jat [नंदा देवी राज जात]
A pilgrimage and festival of Uttarakhand. India. In Chamoli Garhwal, Nanda Devi Raj Jat is organized once in 12 years. The pilgrimage starts from Kansuwa village near Karnprayag and goes up to the heights of Roopkund and Hemkund with a four horned sheep (called Chausingya-Meda in Garhwali). After the Havan-Yagna is done, the sheep is freed with decorated ornaments, food and clothing, and other offerings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanda_Devi_Raj_Jat

Selected reading

Roopkund Mystery "Pathology Reveals Head Injury behind the Casualties"
by Alka Barthwal
Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 2018, Vol. 6, p. 1084‐1096.
http://www.heritageuniversityofkerala.com/JournalPDF/Volume6/58.pdf

Roopkund: An Unsolved Mystery
by Alka Barthwal, R.S. Negi, V.S. Chauhan, H.B.S. Chauhan
शोध संचयन Shodh Sanchayan, 2013, Vol. 4(2), p. 1-4.
https://www.academia.edu/6238666/

Ancient DNA from the skeletons of Roopkund Lake reveals Mediterranean migrants in India
by Éadaoin Harney and colleagues
Nature Communications, 2019, Vol. 10, article 3670.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11357-9

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In this episode I talk with Vincent Lascour about the Neolithic in Corsica, and his experimental work in recreating crafts and tools from the region, in particular the work of the Chalcophore association in recreating and testing a Neolithic boat to travel between Corsica and Sardinia, a key aspect of the obsidian trade network of the period.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-228-lascour

About Vincent Lascour

Vincent is a craftsman specializing in the reproduction of prehistoric tools. Following 6 years working at the AFAN (National Association for Archaeological Excavations, today INRAP) and having experience at the Samara historical park, he directed his activities towards more educational and experimental aspects of archaeology through a specialization in flint knapping methods. He is a founder of the Créarchéo company and the Chalcophore association.

Web:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/vincent-lascour-17299ba3/
https://www.facebook.com/artisans.archeologie

Some useful terminology and links

Chalcophore association
A group of researchers focussed on the reconstruction of the obsidian exchange system between Corsica and Sardinia in the Neolithic. Their research involves, among other things, building the boats necessary for the crossing, and understanding modes of navigation at sea with the means available during the Neolithic. They also aim to raise public awareness of the Chalcolithic through technical demonstrations and participatory workshops for young people.
http://chalcophore.weebly.com/
https://www.facebook.com/chalcophore/

Créarchéo
An artisanal company that creates reproductions of archaeological objects using the same materials and techniques used in the past. It was founded in March 1998 by Vincent Lascour.
https://crearcheo.weebly.com/historique.html
https://crearcheo.pagesperso-orange.fr/

Pirogue
A generic term for small native boats, today particularly in regions once colonized by France and Spain, particularly dugouts made from a single log (also called a dugout, logboat and monoxylon).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirogue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugout_canoe

Selected reading

Préhistoire interactive
by Vincent Lascour
https://vimeo.com/386036431

Vincent Lascour - association Chalcophore - débitage laminaire du silex
by De Peretti chantal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l64GwuKyE8Y

Vincent Lascour, directeur de l'association Chalcophore. Projet : La route de l'obsidienne
by De Peretti chantal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9_AbTX8xF8

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In this episode we talk with Leanne Riding and Art Carson about Japanese internment and labour camps in Canada during World War II and their project to find, map, and document these camps in western Canada.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-227-riding-carson

About Leanne Riding

Leanne has a degree in History from the University of British Columbia. She has previously held positions as Heritage Committee Member of the National Association of Japanese Canadians, Archival Assistant at the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre, and co-chaired the Asian Canadian Writers' Workshop Society. She is the winner of the 2006 Hunter Campbell Lewis Memorial Book Prize. Her current research explores the development of B.C.'s transportation system and Japanese Canadian internment and forced labour camps during World War II. Since 2012, Leanne has run the "Yellowhead - Blue River Japanese Road Camps Research Project".

Web:
https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=vwIi9VwAAAAJ
https://www.coroflot.com/shamurokku/stream

About Art Carson

Art is a wilderness guide and historian based in Valemount, British Columbia, Canada.

Web:
https://www.carsons.ca/mtnmania.htm
https://www.therockymountaingoat.com/2017/09/art-of-hiking/

Some useful terminology and links

Yellowhead-Blue River Highway Project
A former project of the Surveys and Engineering Branch of the federal Department of Mines and Resources which ran from 1942 to 1944 and employed Japanese-Canadian men (mostly Japanese nationals) whether physically fit or not, originally living in West Coast of B.C. It was part of the forced removal and dispossession of Japanese Canadians by the Federal Government during World War II. The area spans from the interior of B.C. into the province of Alberta.
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/driving-and-transportation/driving/japanese-internment-signs/yellowhead_blue_river_road_camp.pdf

Nikkei Internment Memorial Centre
A museum that preserves and interprets one of ten Canadian concentration camps where more than 27,000 Japanese Canadians were incarcerated by the Canadian government during and after World War II.
https://newdenver.ca/nikkei/

Work Camps on the Yellowhead Route: Japanese Canadian internees and the building of a highway
by Margaret Tessman
ARTiculate, 2017, Spring/Summer, page 6.
http://www.wkartscouncil.com/articulate/Articulate%20Summer%202017%20web.pdf

Selected reading

Issei road: Japanese Canadian labour camps of northeastern B.C. [blog]
by Leanne Riding
https://yellowheadroadcamps.wordpress.com/

Finding 19 lost Japanese labour camps: Testing the limits of Google Earth
by Leanne Riding
The Rocky Mountain Goat. 24 April 2017
https://www.therockymountaingoat.com/2017/04/nineteen-lost-japanese-labour-camps-testing-the-limits-of-google-earth/

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In this episode I talk with Akash Srinivas about lithics research and the Palaeolithic in India as well as podcasting for public education.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-226-srinivas

About Akash Srinivas

Akash is an archaeologist at the Indian Institute of Science Education & Research in Mohali, India. His research focuses in particular on the production and use of stone tools during the South Asian Palaeolithic, specifically in India. He also co-hosts the podcast Chippin' Away.

Web:
https://sites.google.com/view/akashsrinivas
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-7448
https://iisermohali.academia.edu/AkashSrinivas
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Akash_Srinivas

Some useful terminology and links

Palaeolithic
A period in prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 99% of the period of human technological prehistory.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

Artefact typology
The result of the classification of things according to their physical characteristics. The products of the classification (in other words, the classes) are also called types. Most archaeological typologies organize portable artefacts into types, but typologies of larger structures, including buildings, field monuments, fortifications or roads, are equally possible. A typology helps to manage a large mass of archaeological data.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology)

Stone tool technology
[A.K.A. lithic technology] Includes a broad array of techniques used to produce usable tools from various types of stone.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithic_technology

Selected reading

Chippin' Away
A podcast on archaeology and anthropology of South Asia, hosted by Akash Srinivas and Durga Kale.
https://chippinaway.buzzsprout.com/

Palaeolithic archaeology at Kibbanahalli, Southern Karnataka, India
by Akash Srinivas
Antiquity, 2014, Vol. 88(342)
http://journal.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/srinivas342

The Missing Piece: A Review of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Archaeology in Southern Karnataka
by Akash Srinivas
Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 5 (2017): 715‐734
https://www.academia.edu/36027187/ 

Role of Social Matrices in the Preservation of the Archaeological Record: A Case Study of the Differential Preservation of the Archaeological Record in the Kibbanahalli Palaeolithic Complex, Southern Karnataka, India
by Akash Srinivas
In the book: Sustainability and Sociocultural Matrices: Transdisciplinary contributions for Cultural Integrated Landscape Management, Vol. 3, Editors: Luiz Oosterbeek, Benno Werlen, Laurent Caron. 2017. p. 26-37.
https://www.academia.edu/35545666/ 

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In this episode I talk with Dylan Hillis and Denis St. Claire about Wool Dogs on the northwest coast of North America, using dog remains to study human diets, and using oral history to study the past.

Episode notes are available on the ArchaeoCafé website.
http://archaeocafe.kvasirpublishing.com/archaeocafe-podcast-ep-225-hillis-st-claire

About Dylan Hillis

Dylan Hillis is a graduate student at the University of Victoria. His previous research looked at dietary variation in ancient domestic dogs on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. At present, he is investigating ocean temperature change over the last several thousand years in the Northeast Pacific using zooarchaeological data. Specifically, he is interested in how ancient fish populations responded to dynamic ocean temperatures in the deep past, how fish populations will likely respond to a warming ocean in the current context of a climate crisis, and importantly, what this means for the food security of coastal communities along the British Columbia coast.

Web:
https://www.uvic.ca/socialsciences/anthropology/people/graduate-students/profiles/hillisdylan.php
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dylan-Hillis/research
https://independent.academia.edu/DylanHillis
https://www.nsercresnet.ca/dylan-hillis.html

About Denis St. Claire

Denis St. Claire is an ethnohistorian and archaeologist with over 40 years of research experience in Barkley Sound (British Columbia, Canada). He is an adopted member of Tseshaht First Nation (Port Alberni, B.C.). He is also proprietor of Coast Heritage Consulting based in Victoria, B.C.

Web:
https://independent.academia.edu/DenisStClaire
https://canadianarchaeology.com/caa/about/awards/recipients/margaret-and-james-f-pendergast-award/denis-st-claire
https://hashilthsa.com/news/2013-05-27/st-claire-earns-national-honors-work-nuu-chah-nulth

Some useful terminology and links

Wool Dog
A.K.A. Salish Wool Dog or Comox dog. An extinct breed of white, long-haired, Spitz-type dog that was developed and bred by the Coast Salish peoples of what is now Washington state and British Columbia. Their fur was prized for making the famous and rare "Salish" blankets, as the Salish peoples did not have sheep and wild mountain goat wool was difficult to gather.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salish_Wool_Dog

Coast Salish
A group of ethnically and linguistically related Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, living in British Columbia, Canada and the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. They speak one of the Coast Salish languages.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Salish

Selected reading

Ancient dog diets on the Pacific northwest coast: zooarchaeological and stable isotope modelling evidence from tseshaht territory and beyond
by Dylan Hillis, Iain McKechnie, Eric Guiry, Denis E. St. Claire, and Chris T. Darimont
Scientific Reports, 2020, vol. 10, article number 15630.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71574-x

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