SYMHC Classics: Croquet History

Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven (Part 2)

After studying with Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell in New York, Sophia Jex-Blake moved back to England when her father died. But her determination to get a medical education in the U.K. turned her into an education activist.

Research:

• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake".Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophia-Louisa-Jex-Blake
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Elizabeth Garrett Anderson".Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Garrett-Anderson
• Drysdale, Neil. “UK’s first female students posthumously awarded their medical degrees in Edinburgh.” The Press and Journal. July 6, 2019. https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/1790307/uks-first-female-students-posthumously-awarded-their-medical-degrees-in-edinburgh/
• Edmunds, Percy James. “The Origin Of The London School Of Medicine For Women.” The British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 2620, 1911, pp. 659–60. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25285883. Accessed 30 Apr. 2024.
• Campbell, Olivia. “The Queer Victorian Doctors Who Paved the Way for Women in Medicine.” History. June 1, 2021. https://www.history.com/news/queer-victorian-doctors-women-medicine
• Jex-Blake, Sophia. “Medical Women.” Edinburgh. WILLIAM OLIPHANT & Co. 1872. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52297/52297-h/52297-h.htm
• Kelly, Laura, Dr. “The 1896 ‘Enabling Act.’” Women’s Museum of Ireland. https://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/exhibits/1876-enabling-act
• “Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Somerset Standard. July 26, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806751302/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake
• Lutzker, Edythe. “Women Gain a Place in Medicine.” New York. McGraw-Hill. 1969. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/womengainplacein00lutz/page/n1/mode/2up
• Ogilve, Marilyn Bailey. “Women in Science.” MIT Press. 1986.
• “Sophia Jex-Blake.” Birmingham Post. Jan. 20, 1940. https://www.newspapers.com/image/784125734/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake
• “Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven.” University of Edinburgh. Jan. 23, 2024. https://www.ed.ac.uk/medicine-vet-medicine/about/history/women/sophia-jex-blake-and-the-edinburgh-seven
• Todd, Margaret. “The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Macmillan. 1918.

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Sophia Jex-Blake’s Early Education (Part One)

Sophia Jex-Blake was a young English woman who initially pursued a career in teaching before she fell in love with medicine while visiting the U.S. Part one covers the early part of her life and education.

Research:

• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake." Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophia-Louisa-Jex-Blake
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Elizabeth Garrett Anderson." Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Garrett-Anderson
• Drysdale, Neil. “UK’s first female students posthumously awarded their medical degrees in Edinburgh.” The Press and Journal. July 6, 2019. https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/1790307/uks-first-female-students-posthumously-awarded-their-medical-degrees-in-edinburgh/
• Edmunds, Percy James. “The Origin Of The London School Of Medicine For Women.” The British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 2620, 1911, pp. 659–60. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25285883. Accessed 30 Apr. 2024.
• Campbell, Olivia. “The Queer Victorian Doctors Who Paved the Way for Women in Medicine.” History. June 1, 2021. https://www.history.com/news/queer-victorian-doctors-women-medicine
• Jex-Blake, Sophia. “Medical Women.” Edinburgh. WILLIAM OLIPHANT & Co. 1872. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52297/52297-h/52297-h.htm
• Kelly, Laura, Dr. “The 1896 ‘Enabling Act.’” Women’s Museum of Ireland. https://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/exhibits/1876-enabling-act
• “Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Somerset Standard. July 26, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806751302/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake
• Lutzker, Edythe. “Women Gain a Place in Medicine.” New York. McGraw-Hill. 1969. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/womengainplacein00lutz/page/n1/mode/2up
• Ogilve, Marilyn Bailey. “Women in Science.” MIT Press. 1986.
• “Sophia Jex-Blake.” Birmingham Post. Jan. 20, 1940. https://www.newspapers.com/image/784125734/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake
• “Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven.” University of Edinburgh. Jan. 23, 2024. https://www.ed.ac.uk/medicine-vet-medicine/about/history/women/sophia-jex-blake-and-the-edinburgh-seven
• Todd, Margaret. “The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Macmillan. 1918.

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SYMHC Classics: A Culinary History of Spam

This 2014 episode covers the invention of the canned meat known as Spam. The Hormel Foods product was invented in the 1930s to make use of a surplus of shoulder meat from pigs, and was an instant hit in the U.S. and abroad.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Mixed Bag of Bananas

Holly and Tracy discuss George Heye using his senior thesis to drink beer and how his collection was almost purchased by Ross Perot. They also discuss Maria Orosa and the types of bananas used to make banana ketchup.

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Maria Y. Orosa & the Food of the Philippines

Maria Ylagan Orosa was born in the Philippines, and she spent her life working to eliminate food insecurity there. She revived the use of locally available ingredients, and wrote recipes that are found in Filipino cuisine today.

Research:

• "Maria Orosa." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 2023. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EQFOIO615521998/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=8d615f86. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024.
• Bentley, Amy. “How Ketchup Revolutionized How Food Is Grown, Processed and Regulated.” Smithsonian. 6/4/2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-ketchup-revolutionized-how-food-is-grown-processed-regulated-180969230/
• Butler, Stephanie. “The Surprisingly Ancient History of Ketchup.” History. 8/15/2023. https://www.history.com/news/ketchup-surprising-ancient-history
• Campbell, Olivia. “Fighting Colonialism with Food.” Beyond Curie. 3/20/2022. https://oliviacampbell.substack.com/p/fighting-colonialism-with-food
• Elias, Megan. “The Palate of Power: Americans, Food and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War.” Material Culture, Vol. 46, No. 1, Special Issue: Food as Material Culture (Spring 2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24397643
• Gandhi, Lakshmi. “Ketchup: The All-American Condiment That Comes From Asia.” 12/3/2013. Code Switch. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/12/02/248195661/ketchup-the-all-american-condiment-that-comes-from-asia
• Garcia, Evelyn del Rosario and Mario E. Orosa. “The Last Days of Maria Y. Orosa.” http://orosa.org/The%20Last%20Days%20of%20Maria%20Y.%20Orosa.pdf
• "Grave marker revives interest in WWII heroine Maria Orosa." Philippines Daily Inquirer [Makati City, Philippines], 16 Feb. 2020, p. NA. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A614090024/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=be1e4b8d. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024.
• Lady Science. “Maria Ylagan Orosa and the Chemistry of Resistance.” 2020. https://www.ladyscience.com/features/maria-ylagan-orosa-chemistry-of-resistance
• "Maria Y. Orosa: Food hero." Philippines Daily Inquirer [Makati City, Philippines], 21 Dec. 2022, p. NA. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A730825601/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=813ad541. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024.
• "Maria Y. Orosa: In peace and war." Manila Bulletin, 11 Feb. 2005. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A128362909/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fb5c5ed3. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024.
• Mydans, Seth. “Overlooked No More: Maria Orosa, Inventor of Banana Ketchup.” New York Times. 9/29/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/obituaries/maria-orosa-overlooked.html
• National World War II Museum. “July 4, 1946: The Philippines Gained Independence from the United States.” 7/2/2021. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/july-4-1946-philippines-independence
• Orosa del Rosario, Helen. “The Recipes of Maria Y. Orosa.” UP Home Economics Foundation. 1970.
• Pan-Pacific Union. “Food Preservation in the Philippines.” Bulletin, Issues 63-130. https://books.google.com/books?id=yLcVAQAAIAAJ
• Rampe, Amelia. “She Invented Banana Ketchup & Saved Thousands of Lives. Why Have We Never Heard of Her?” Food52. 3/16/2022. https://food52.com/blog/24700-maria-orosa-profile
• Republic of the Philippines National Nutrition Council. “The Filipina Nutrition Heroine: Maria Y. Orosa.” 3/2/2020. https://www.nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-xi-davao-region/3644-the-filipina-nutrition-heroine-maria-y-orosa
• Smith, Eliza. “The compleat housewife: or, Accomplish'd gentlewoman's companion.” Williamsburg [Va.]:: Printed and sold by William Parks., 1742. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=evans;c=evans;idno=N04107.0001.001;node=N04107.0001.001:4;rgn=div1;view=text
• Springate, Megan E. “Maria Ylagan Orosa.” National Parks Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/maria-ylagan-orosa.htm
• The Phillipine Herald, Volume 2, Issues 1-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=T2sWAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA24&dq=maria+orosa&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk99T7-MuFAxXsrokEHb-MBUA4ChDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=maria%20orosa&f=false
• United States. Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering. “Information on soybean milk.” USDA. 1936. https://archive.org/details/CAT31009527
• Wester, Peter Johnson. “The Food Plants of the Philippines.” The Philippines Bureau of Printing, 1925. https://books.google.com/books?id=o9FUbKMc4AgC
• Wiggins, Jasmine. “How Was Ketchup Invented?” National Geographic. 4/21/2024. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/how-was-ketchup-invented
• Zuras, Matthew. “A History of Ketchup, America’s Favorite Condiment.” Epicurious. 6/30/2023. https://www.epicurious.com/ingredients/history-of-ketchup
• Chuong, Dang Van. “Education in Southeast Asia From the Second Half of the 19th Century to the Early 20th Century.” US-China Education Review B, April 2018, Vol. 8, No. 4.

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